How to Mix Underglazes

Underglazes are a type of ceramic colorant that is applied to the surface of clay before firing. They come in various forms such as liquid, powder, and pencil, and can be used to create intricate designs and patterns on ceramics. Mixing underglaze colors allows artists to achieve unique shades and hues that cannot be found in ready-made colors.

In this guide, we will discuss the basics of how to mix underglazes and provide tips and techniques to help you create beautiful and vibrant colors for your ceramic pieces. If you’re ready to elevate your ceramics game, let’s get started!

What is Underglaze?

Underglaze is a type of ceramic colorant that is applied to the surface of clay before glazing and firing. It’s different from glazes, which are usually applied on top of the clay body and create a glossy or matte finish after firing. Underglazes are meant to be used as decorative colors and can be mixed, blended, and layered to create beautiful designs and patterns. They are commonly used in both pottery and ceramic art, and they come in a variety of forms such as liquid, powder, and pencil.

Types of Underglazes

As mentioned earlier, underglazes come in various forms that offer different advantages to the artist. Let’s take a look at some of the most common types:

1. Liquid Underglazes: These are the most commonly used form of underglazes. They come in bottles and can be applied with a brush, sponge, or even sprayed onto the ceramic surface.

2. Underglaze Pencils: These are similar to regular colored pencils but have an underglaze formula that allows them to be fired at high temperatures. They are perfect for creating precise details and lines on ceramics.

3. Underglaze Stains: These are fine powders that can be mixed with water or liquid medium to create a paint-like consistency. They provide vibrant and intense colors but may require multiple layers for full coverage.

4. Underglaze Pens: These are similar to underglaze pencils but come in a pen form, making them easier to use for intricate designs and details.

Supplies You Will Need to Mix Underglaze

1. Underglaze colors of your choice (liquid, powder, pencil, etc.)
2. A palette or small bowls for mixing
3. Water or liquid medium
4. Measuring tools such as spoons or droppers
5. Mixing sticks or brushes
6. Protective gear such as gloves and apron (optional)

Step-by-step Guidelines on How to Mix Underglazes

Step 1: Choose Your Colors and Prepare Your Workspace

Before you start mixing underglazes, it’s essential to have a plan in mind for the colors you want to create. You can either mix existing colors to create new shades or experiment with different color combinations. Once you have chosen your colors, set up your workspace by laying out all the necessary supplies and putting on any protective gear.

Choosing a clean, flat surface to work on will also ensure better color mixing. If you’re using powder or underglaze stains, make sure to wear a dust mask to avoid inhaling any fine particles.

Step 2: Measure and Mix Your Colors

Using your measuring tools, start by adding small amounts of each color to your palette or bowl. It’s always best to start with smaller quantities and gradually add more if needed. Add water or liquid medium to the colors and start mixing with a brush or stick. The consistency of your underglaze should be similar to paint, not too runny or too thick. If you’re using powder or stains, make sure to mix well until there are no clumps left.

Step 3: Test Your Colors on Scrap Clay

Before applying the underglazes onto your actual ceramic piece, it’s always a good idea to test the colors on scrap clay. This will allow you to see how the colors look and blend before committing to your design. If you’re satisfied with the results, then move on to applying the underglazes to your final piece. Make sure to let the underglazes dry before moving on to the next step.

Step 4: Layer and Blend Colors

One of the advantages of mixing underglazes is the ability to create unique color combinations. You can layer different colors on top of each other or blend them to achieve a specific shade. The key here is to have patience and work in thin layers, allowing each layer to dry before adding more. This will give you more control over the outcome and help prevent colors from muddying. You can also use different tools such as sponges, brushes, or even your fingers to create different textures and effects.

Step 5: Apply Clear Glaze and Fire Your Piece

Once you’re satisfied with the colors and designs on your ceramic piece, let it dry completely before applying a clear glaze. This will help protect the underglazes and give them a glossy finish after firing. Follow the instructions of your chosen glaze for application and firing temperatures. Make sure to use a separate brush for glazing to avoid any cross-contamination with the underglazes.

Following these guidelines will help you mix underglazes like a pro and take your ceramic pieces to the next level. Remember, practice makes perfect, so don’t be afraid to experiment with different colors and techniques. With time and patience, you’ll be able to create stunning ceramic art using mixed underglazes! Keep creating and enjoy the process. 

So don’t be afraid to experiment with different color combinations and techniques. With practice, you’ll be able to create unique and beautiful ceramic pieces using mixed underglazes. So go ahead and unleash your creativity with this versatile medium!  Happy mixing!

Additional Tips and Tricks to Mix Underglaze

1. When mixing underglaze, always start with a small amount of pigment and slowly add more until you reach your desired color intensity. This will prevent wasting too much underglaze in case the color becomes too dark.
2. You can mix different colors of underglaze to create unique shades and tones. Experimenting with different combinations can lead to unexpected but beautiful results.
3. Don’t be afraid to mix underglaze with other mediums such as glazes or oxide stains. This can add interesting texture and depth to your work.
4. Use a palette knife or small spatula to mix the underglaze thoroughly. This will help evenly distribute the pigment and prevent any streaks or clumps in your final result.
5. If you are using underglaze on unfired clay, make sure to let it dry completely before applying a clear glaze. This will prevent smudging or blurring of the underglaze design.
6. You can also mix underglaze with water and use it as a watercolor-like wash on your ceramics. This is a great way to add a subtle hint of color or create a soft, blended effect.
7. Keep a record of the colors and ratios you use when mixing underglaze to help recreate your desired results in the future.
8. When working with underglaze, make sure to have good ventilation as some pigments can release harmful fumes when fired.
9. Practice on test pieces or scraps before applying underglaze to your final pieces. This will help you get a feel for the consistency and color of the underglaze before using it on an important piece.

Following these tips and tricks can help you achieve beautiful and unique results when mixing underglaze. Don’t be afraid to experiment and have fun with this versatile medium! Remember, practice makes perfect, so keep honing your skills and techniques to create stunning ceramic pieces.  So go ahead, mix away, and see where your creativity takes you! Happy creating!

Things You Should Consider to Mix Underglaze

1. Type of Underglaze:

When it comes to mixing underglaze, the first thing you need to consider is the type of underglaze you are using. Underglazes come in various forms such as liquid, powder, or pencil form. Each type has its unique properties and requires different methods for mixing. This is why it is essential to read and follow the manufacturer’s instructions before mixing your underglaze.

2. Consistency of Underglaze:

Another crucial factor to consider when mixing underglaze is its consistency. The consistency of the underglaze will determine how it applies and adheres to your pottery piece. Liquid underglazes are thicker and require less water, while dry powders need more water to achieve a smooth consistency. It is essential to add small amounts of water at a time and mix thoroughly to avoid a runny or clumpy underglaze.

3. Color Pigments:

Underglazes come in a wide range of colors, and you can even mix different shades to create unique hues. When mixing your underglaze, consider the color pigments used as they may affect the final result. Some color pigments are more potent than others, and you may need to adjust the amount of pigment used to achieve your desired color.

It is also essential to use a clean mixing surface and tools to avoid cross-contamination and altering the color of your underglaze.

4. Mixing Tools:

Mixing underglaze requires specific tools depending on the type of underglaze you are using. For liquid underglazes, a palette knife or spoon works well, while for powders, a whisk or mortar and pestle are more suitable. It is crucial to have dedicated mixing tools for your underglaze to avoid contamination and achieve consistent results. Make sure to clean and dry your tools after each use to prevent clumping or discoloration of the underglaze.

5. Testing and Adjusting:

Before applying your underglaze to your pottery piece, it is essential to test it on a small sample first. This will allow you to see how the color looks on the clay body and make any necessary adjustments. You can adjust the color by adding more pigment or water, depending on the desired result. It is also recommended to keep notes of your underglaze mixing process to replicate successful results in the future.

6. Layering and Blending:

Mixing underglazes also allows for layering and blending techniques to create depth and texture on your pottery piece. You can experiment with layering different colors or blending them to achieve a unique and personalized look. Make sure to let each layer dry completely before applying the next one to avoid smudging or mixing of colors. If needed, you can also use a clear glaze to seal the underglaze layers and protect them during firing.

Following these tips and considering these factors will help you mix your underglaze successfully. Remember to always read the manufacturer’s instructions, test your mixture beforehand, and have fun experimenting with different colors and techniques. Happy glazing! 

Troubleshooting Tips for Mixing Underglazes

1. Clumps in Underglaze Solution:

If you notice clumps or chunks of dry powder in your underglaze solution, this may be due to improper mixing. Make sure to thoroughly mix your underglaze solution with a stir stick or blender before use. If the clumps persist, you can try adding a small amount of water and mixing again until the solution is smooth.

2. Separation of Pigments in Underglaze Solution:

Sometimes, underglazes can separate and leave pigmented layers on top of clear liquid. This can be caused by not using enough water when mixing the underglaze or not mixing it well enough. To fix this, add more water and mix thoroughly until the solution is fully combined. If the issue persists, you can also try adding a small amount of deflocculant to help keep the pigments suspended in the solution.

3. Underglaze Colors Not Showing True:

If your underglaze colors are not showing true after firing, it could be due to improper mixing or application. Make sure to mix your underglaze thoroughly before use and apply it in thin, even layers. If the colors still appear dull or different after firing, it could be due to the type of clay you are using or the temperature at which it was fired. Experiment with different types of clay and firing temperatures to achieve your desired results.

4. Underglaze Colors Bleeding:

If you notice bleeding of underglaze colors into each other after firing, this could be a result of not allowing enough drying time between layers or using too much water in the underglaze solution. Make sure to let each layer dry completely before applying another and use only a small amount of water when mixing underglazes.

5. Rough Surface After Underglaze Application:

Sometimes, an underglaze application can result in a rough or textured surface. This can be caused by not mixing the underglaze thoroughly enough or using too much water. To fix this, mix your underglaze well and add only a small amount of water when necessary. You can also try applying multiple thin layers instead of one thick layer to avoid any texture.

Following these troubleshooting tips can help you achieve the desired results when mixing underglazes. Remember to always mix your underglazes well and experiment with different techniques and materials to find what works best for you. Happy creating! 

Safety Precautions Need to Be Followed for Mixing Underglaze

1. First and foremost, it is important to wear protective gear such as gloves, goggles, and a dust mask when working with underglazes. These materials can contain harmful chemicals and should not come in contact with your skin or eyes.
2. Always make sure to mix underglaze in a well-ventilated area to avoid inhaling any fumes or fine particles. If possible, consider using a respirator to further protect yourself.
3. Keep children and pets away from the mixing area to prevent accidental ingestion or exposure to the materials.
4. When handling dry underglaze powder, be sure to work slowly and carefully to avoid creating dust. If dust is created, use a damp cloth or sponge to clean it up instead of sweeping or using compressed air, which can further spread the particles.
5. Use a dedicated workspace for mixing underglaze and do not eat or drink in this area to avoid any contamination.
6. When working with underglaze, be mindful of your surroundings and keep other materials such as food or personal items away from the work area to prevent accidental cross-contamination.
7. After mixing underglaze, properly dispose of any leftover materials or rinse tools and containers thoroughly before using them for other tasks.
8. If any skin or eye contact occurs while working with underglaze, immediately flush the affected area with water and seek medical attention if necessary.

Following these safety precautions will ensure a safe and enjoyable experience when working with underglazes. Additionally, it is always important to carefully read and follow the instructions on underglaze packaging for specific handling and usage guidelines. Remember, your safety should always be the top priority when engaging in any artistic activity! Keep these tips in mind to create beautiful pieces without compromising your well-being.  

So, always be cautious and follow the recommended safety measures to protect yourself from any potential hazards while using underglazes. Keep creating amazing art! Happy mixing!   

Conclusion

Now you know how to mix underglazes and create vibrant and unique colors for your ceramic pieces. Remember to start with a small amount of pigment and add more as needed, as it is easier to darken a color than lighten it. Experiment with different ratios and combinations to create your desired shades.

You can also mix underglazes with other mediums such as clear glaze or gum solution to create different effects. This allows you to have even more control over the final result. Furthermore, don’t be afraid to mix different brands of underglazes. Each brand may have its unique color palette and mixing them can lead to some interesting and unexpected results. Happy creating!